Employment types¶

Italian labor law recognises three categories of subordinate employment that differ in their legal duration, INPS contribution rules, and salary computation. Each maps to a concrete type in ccnl_engine.inputs passed as Employment.contract_type. The field has no default: the contract type selects the NASpI surcharge and the art. 13 TUIR deduction minimum, so it is always stated.

See CCNL Components for the legal background on fixed-term and Apprenticeship for how the apprendistato professionalizzante contract works under Italian law.

Permanent (tempo indeterminato)¶

The standard open-ended employment contract under Art. 2094 c.c. No duration limit; full INPS rates apply. This is the baseline from which all other types deviate.

"""Quickstart: compute one payroll period with PayrollEngine."""

from datetime import date

from ccnl_engine import (
    EmployerProfile,
    Employment,
    Headcount,
    PayrollEngine,
    PayrollRun,
    PeriodInput,
)
from ccnl_engine.inputs import Permanent

engine = PayrollEngine.bundled()

result = engine.calculate_period(
    PeriodInput(
        run=PayrollRun.regular(year=2026, month=1),
        payment_date=date(2026, 1, 28),
        employment=Employment(
            ccnl_slug="commercio-confcommercio.json",
            level_code="4",
            contract_type=Permanent(),
        ),
        employer=EmployerProfile(headcount=Headcount(50)),
    )
)

print(f"Gross:   {result.period_gross} EUR")
print(f"Net:     {result.period_net} EUR")
print(f"Cost:    {result.period_employer_cost} EUR")
print(f"Payable: {result.is_payable} ({len(result.blockers)} blockers)")

# Readiness of the CCNL ruleset: the same before a run and in the result.
ruleset = engine.inspect_ruleset("commercio-confcommercio")
print(f"CCNL:    {ruleset.id} is {ruleset.readiness}")

Fixed-term (tempo determinato)¶

Governed by D.Lgs. 81/2015. Duration is capped (36 months, with acausale extensions). Gross and net pay are unchanged relative to a permanent worker at the same level; the employer owes the NASpI surcharge on the INPS side, as a disincentive to systematic precarious use.

NASpI surcharge¶

L. 92/2012 art. 2 (Normattiva, text in force on 7 October 2026):

• c. 28: a contribution of 1.4% of the INPS base, charged to the employer on every non-permanent employment, "aumentato di 0,5 punti percentuali in occasione di ciascun rinnovo del contratto a tempo determinato, anche in regime di somministrazione" (period added by D.L. 87/2018 art. 3 c. 2). Each renewal adds 0.5 points to the rate of the previous contract: 1.4%, 1.9%, 2.4%, 2.9% (INPS circ. 121/2019 par. 2.3). A prorogation is not a renewal, and renewals signed before 14 July 2018 are not counted (same circular, par. 2.2 and 2.3). The increase does not apply to domestic work.
• c. 29: not charged for workers hired to replace absent workers (lett. a), for the seasonal activities of DPR 1525/1963 and of the Bolzano CCNLs of lett. b-bis (lett. b), for apprentices (lett. c), for the public administrations of art. 1 c. 2 D.Lgs. 165/2001 (lett. d) and for the services of at most three days in tourism and public establishments of D.Lgs. 81/2015 art. 29 c. 2 lett. b (lett. d-bis).
• c. 3: the whole article does not apply to the operai agricoli a tempo determinato o indeterminato.
• D.L. 87/2018 art. 1 c. 3: research and teaching contracts of private universities and research bodies keep the 1.4% but not the renewal increase.

FixedTerm carries the two facts of the contract:

Apprentices are not an exclusion of FixedTerm: an apprenticeship is an Apprentice contract, which never pays the surcharge. The operai agricoli are not either: the agricoltura ruleset exempts the category operaio, so a level that leaves the category open has a missing_fact category blocker. While a fact is missing, the amounts charge the surcharge as for a contract with no exclusion and no renewal, and the inps_employer decision has no amount. The decision records naspi_surcharge (charged, excluded, exempt_category), naspi_surcharge_rate and naspi_renewals.

Not modelled: the refund of the surcharge on a conversion to a permanent contract or a permanent hire within six months (c. 30), and the reading of the seasonal exclusion for activities that only a CCNL calls seasonal (INPS messages 269/2025 and 483/2025): the caller states the exclusion.

"""Fixed-term employment renewed once: the NASpI surcharge is 1.4% + 0.5%."""

from datetime import date

from ccnl_engine import (
    EmployerProfile,
    Employment,
    Headcount,
    PayrollEngine,
    PayrollRun,
    PeriodInput,
)
from ccnl_engine.inputs import FixedTerm, NaspiExclusion

engine = PayrollEngine.bundled()

result = engine.calculate_period(
    PeriodInput(
        run=PayrollRun.regular(year=2026, month=3),
        payment_date=date(2026, 3, 27),
        employment=Employment(
            ccnl_slug="commercio-confcommercio.json",
            level_code="4",
            # Second fixed-term contract with the employer, no exclusion of
            # L. 92/2012 art. 2 c. 29: surcharge 1.4% + 0.5% (c. 28).
            contract_type=FixedTerm(renewals=1, naspi_exclusion=NaspiExclusion.NONE),
        ),
        employer=EmployerProfile(headcount=Headcount(50)),
    )
)

print(f"Period gross: {result.period_gross}")
print(f"Period net:   {result.period_net}")
print(f"Employer cost (includes the NASpI surcharge): {result.period_employer_cost}")
(employer,) = (d for d in result.decisions if d.capability == "inps_employer")
print(f"NASpI surcharge rate: {employer.inputs['naspi_surcharge_rate']}")

Apprenticeship (apprendistato)¶

The apprendistato professionalizzante (Art. 44 D.Lgs. 81/2015) is a dual-purpose contract: the employer trains the worker toward a target qualification (qualifica) while benefiting from reduced INPS rates and a below-minimum starting salary. Duration and pay progression are set by the CCNL, not by statute.

The Apprentice type covers both salary tracks used by Italian CCNLs:

• Percentage track: pay = % of destination level minimum, stepped by elapsed months. Used by most industrial CCNLs (Metalmeccanico, Chimica, Edilizia).
• Under-classification track: the apprentice is placed at a lower level for each phase. Used by most tertiary CCNLs (Commercio, Turismo).

The engine automatically detects which track the loaded CCNL uses.

"""Apprenticeship: reduced salary percentage from CCNL percentage track."""

from datetime import date

from ccnl_engine import (
    EmployerProfile,
    Employment,
    Headcount,
    PayrollEngine,
    PayrollRun,
    PeriodInput,
)
from ccnl_engine.inputs import Apprentice

engine = PayrollEngine.bundled()


def apprentice_period(months_elapsed: int) -> PeriodInput:
    """Build a Commercio level 4 apprentice run for January 2026.

    Returns:
        The period input at ``months_elapsed`` months of apprenticeship.
    """
    return PeriodInput(
        run=PayrollRun.regular(year=2026, month=1),
        payment_date=date(2026, 1, 28),
        employment=Employment(
            ccnl_slug="commercio-confcommercio.json",
            level_code="4",
            contract_type=Apprentice(months_elapsed=months_elapsed),
        ),
        employer=EmployerProfile(headcount=Headcount(50)),
    )


# Month 0: start of apprenticeship (lowest percentage)
result_start = engine.calculate_period(apprentice_period(0))

# Month 24: further into the track (higher percentage)
result_24 = engine.calculate_period(apprentice_period(24))

print(f"Gross at month 0:   {result_start.period_gross}")
print(f"Gross at month 24:  {result_24.period_gross}")

API reference: Permanent, FixedTerm, Apprentice

Engine: Pay components →